womens triumphs and tragedies essays

womens triumphs and tragedies essays Before the women's movements in the United States, women who were treated unfairly and not given any equal rights as men had suffered great tragedy. There tragedy was the way the society had treated them cruelly such as 1women once only had the option of teaching, and nursing, as career opportunities. Women would usually have the role of staying home and taking care of children and the home. Now after the first and second waves of the women's movements, women now are treated with great respect and given independent freedom. And carry a great deal of 5Women's Movements are group efforts, chiefly by women, that seek to improve women's lives or the lives of others. Probably the best known women's movements are those that have engaged in political efforts to change the roles and the status of women in society. A women's traditional role throughout history was wife or mother dominated, and most women's lives have been centered around their household. 2Women's Movements usually concentrate primarily on equal rights, freedom, and greater social, economic and political involvement for women. In history, there have been two major women's movements, the first wave was concentrated on gaining voting rights for women. 9On August 26,1920, the nineteenth amendment was added on to the amendments of the Constitution of the United States of America. This amendment stated that women now have the right to vote. During the second wave of the women's movement, there had been many organizations setup to help women unite, such as the Women's Equity Action League (WEAL), the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), the National Organization for Women (NOW), the National Women's Party, the National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC), and many more.2The second wave, which emerged in the 1960's, was concentrated mainly on political and social changes in many areas of t...

Phonics Definition and Examples in English

Phonics Definition and Examples in English A method of teaching reading based on the sounds of letters, groups of letters, and syllables  is known as phonics. This method of teaching reading is commonly contrasted with whole language approaches, which emphasize learning whole words in meaningful contexts. During the 19th century, phonics was commonly used as a synonym for phonetics. In the 20th century, phonics acquired its present meaning as a method of teaching reading. In practice,  phonics  refers to several different but generally overlapping methods of instruction. Four of those methods are summarized below. Analytic(al) Phonics During the 1960s, numerous basal reading series included a manual outlining how to teach each story. The manual included a program for ​analytical phonics instruction that recommended that the teacher use known words and ask children to analyze the phonetic elements in these words. . . .Analytic phonics relies on readers knowing a large number of words at sight. Drawing from known sight words, teachers directed students to make inferences about the phonic relationships within words containing the same letter combinations. In other words, the student matched the sounds in a known word with the sounds in the new word (Walker, 2008). . . .However, in the 1960s, some reading programs differed from the mainstream basal readers that used analytic phonics. A few basal readers included instruction using linguistic units that had recurring patterns. The linguistic-phonics system used the idea that the English language had recurring written patterns that were systematic to develop their program.(Barbara J. Walker, History of Phonics Instruction. An Essential History of Current Reading Practices, ed. by Mary Jo Fresch. International Reading Association, 2008) Linguistic Phonics In linguistic phonics, beginning instruction usually focuses on the word patterns found in words like cat, rat, mat, and bat. These selected words are presented to the students. Children need to make generalizations about the short a sound by learning these words in print. Consequently, linguistic phonics lessons are based on decodable books that present repetitions of a single pattern (Mat saw a cat and a rat). . . . Linguistic phonics . . . is like analytic phonics in that it emphasizes word patterns rather than individual letter sounds. However, linguistic phonics is not typically espoused by top-down advocates, because it does not emphasize naturally occurring text.(Ann Maria Pazos Rago, The Alphabetic Principle, Phonics, and Spelling: Teaching Students the Code. Reading Assessment and Instruction for All Learners, ed. by Jeanne Shay Schumm. Guilford Press, 2006) Synthetic Phonics The sounding-out-and-blending approach to decoding is known as synthetic phonics. In a synthetic phonics program, students are taught to decode new words by retrieving from memory the sound that each letter, or combination of letters, in a word represents and blending the sounds into a recognizable word (National Reading Panel, 2000). It is a parts-to-whole approach (Strickland, 1998).(Irene W. Gaskins, Interventions to Develop Decoding Proficiencies. Handbook of Reading Disability Research, ed. by Richa Allington and Anne McGill-Franzen. Routledge, 2011) Embedded Phonics Embedded approaches to teaching  phonics involve students in learning phonics skills by reading authentic texts. This approach may be compared to whole language; however, embedded phonics involves planned skills taught within the context of authentic literature. Embedded phonics formed in response to the intense criticism experienced by the whole language movement, and highlights the role of phonics instructions within the context of authentic literature. (Mark-Kate Sableski, Phonics. Encyclopedia of Educational Reform and Dissent, ed. by Thomas C. Hunt, James Carper, Thomas J. Lasley, and C. Daniel Raisch. Sage, 2010) Summary In summary, deep and thorough knowledge of letters, spelling patterns, and words, and of the phonological translations of all three, are of inescapable importance to both skillful reading and its acquisition. By extension, instruction designed to develop childrens sensitivity to spellings and their reactions to pronunciations should be of paramount importance in the development of reading skills. This is, of course, precisely what is intended of good phonic instruction.(Marilyn Jager Adams, Beginning to Read: Thinking and Learning About Print. MIT Press, 1994)

Experimenter Effects Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Experimenter Effects - Research Paper Example To improve experimenter effects for this article implies the reduction of the experimenter’s personal traits, behaviour, and expectancies in the ability of using Magnet Hospital program in reducing RN shortages. To prove that this program can effectively reduce nursing shortage, the experiment would employ the use of double-blind research. In this research, several hospitals are chosen with an acute care and step-down units. Some of the RNs in the acute care or the step-down units under the supervision of the advanced practice nurse. In My opinion, this approach would reduce experimenter effects, since error is reduce from the selection of a number of hospitals. Secondly, the experiment is carried out on either the acute care or step-down unit nurses in any of the hospitals. Thirdly, the margin of biasness, assumptions, perceptions and beliefs in conclusions, would b reduced by having a number of the RN nurses under the advanced practice nurse, who may or may not have a major leadership role in decision making, policy making, or design development. This method would work since the experimenter is not aware of the subjects under the experiment, due to the variance in

International Legal Transactions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Legal Transactions - Assignment Example There are two kinds of bribery, both of which are anathema to international law. Active bribery is the deliberate â€Å"promising, offering, or giving by any person, directly or indirectly, of an undue advantage to any of its public officials†¦ to act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or functions, whether the undue advantage accrues to the official or to a third person†. On the other hand, passive bribery is the â€Å"request or receipt†¦or acceptance of an offer or promise of such an undue advantage by a public official (Deming 106). Definitely, international law provides the Anglian Ministry of Justice with legal bases for prosecuting LuxAuto and its officials for engaging in the active bribery of foreign public officials i.e. that of Maurya. primarily because of the leadership of the United States which in 1970 enacted RICO or the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act and then in 1977, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA). Realizing the magnitude of the pernicious effects to the economy and the morality and the morale of the citizens by the bribery of public officials and the fact that judges and public offices were already available for a price, the USA via FCPA tirelessly and actively pursued the prosecution of US companies in American courts for the bribery of public officials even if the transactions occurred in foreign shores. Soon, 34 US companies were prosecuted for involvement in foreign bribery and 7 civil actions were successfully pursued (Bannon & Collier 305). Because the playing field was disadvantageous to US multinational companies which allegedly lost out against foreign MNCs, US lobbied hard to make an international law that was similar to FCPA but globally encompassing and enforceable with the International Court of Justice. The solution proved to be the convening of 29 members and 5 non-members of the OECD or Organization

Urging the Acceptance of Plus Size Fashion Essay -- Health Weight Body

Throughout the centuries, history finds women doing whatever they can to fit into the current cookie cutter mold of popular, accepted society. From the whale bone corsets of the late 1800s to the psychedelic style of hippies in the 1960s and 1970s, one major trend that followed these fashions through the ages is weight. For the past fifty years or so, since the dawn of models like Twiggy and Verushka von Lehndorff, the world turned away from the â€Å"plus size† and opened its arms only to the phenomenon of thin. But what did society think of plus sized fashion in a time when thin was unaccepted? A web article from articalesbase.com sheds some light on the subject: â€Å"In the past, a big beautiful body was associated with health and wealth. As a matter of fact, up until the 1960’s, BBW and plus size women were lauded for their beautiful physiques. The plus size woman appeared in almost all of the fashion photographs, films, and paintings of the 1920’s-1950’s† (Brown). According to dictionary.com, plus size means â€Å"an extra-large size category of clothing, esp. for women.† (plus). However, recent years have shown a push towards plus size, and even â€Å"real† size fashion. This can especially be seen in the banning of very skinny models from Madrid Fashion shows, and the more liberal Full Figured Fashion Week. While the acceptance of plus size fashion continues to increase, it still does not completely conform to the wants and needs of its wearers. Full figured, curvy, big-boned - any woman who describes herself with these terms automatically finds her self categorized into the â€Å"plus size† by retailers and manufacturers. Today, plus size generally encompasses sizes 14W to 30W, however some retailers consider sizes as low as a... ...odel-ordinary-women-No-Miss-England-finalist-fat-lazy-poster-girl-ill-health.html>. Lacey, LB. "What Size Is the "Average" Woman?" Full & Fabulous Inc. - A State of Mind, Not a Dress Size! Web. 28 Nov. 2010. articles_view.asp?articleid=17064>. Morton, Camilla. "Show Report - John Galliano Spring/Summer 2006." Www.vogue.co.uk. Vogue Magazine, 8 Oct. 2005. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. http://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/show.aspx/id,2862#. The Phit. Digital image. Missphit.com. Missphit. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. "plus size." Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 26 Nov. 2010. . Postrel, Virginia. "The Real Reason That Ann Taylor Hates Plus Sizes." Blog | Double X. 9 June 2009. Web. 29 Nov. 2010. http://www.doublex.com/section/life/real-reason-ann-taylor-hates-plus-sizes?page=4,0.

Geography of Food Paper Essay

The current population is 85 million, of which 83 is Roman Catholic, 9 percent Protestant, 5 percent Muslim, and 3 percent other religions (Dalton, 2007). The country has more than 150 languages and dialects. The main languages are Tagalog, English, Cebuano (spoken in Cebu), Ilocano (north Luzon), Ilonggo (Iloilo), Bicol, Waray (Leyte), Pampango and Pangasinense (both in Luzon) (Dalton, 2007). The major industries of the Philippines are textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining and fishing. Its primary agricultural products include rice, coconuts, corn, sugar cane, bananas, pineapples and mangoes (Dalton, 2007). Below (Figure 1) is a basic map of the Philippines. This map just gives us an idea of the size and location of the Philippines. The country is located in Southeast Asia, north of Malaysia and south of Taiwan. As we can see, the country is made up of many big and small islands. It is considered an archipelago and therefore it is surrounded by various water forms. Figure 1 Basic Map of Philippines Principal Foods Filipino foods are always very rich and diverse in flavour. Food is an integral part of Filipino culture, whether it be social, economic, or even religious. They value food highly and perceive it as a way of bringing families and communities together. Food is a significant facet of Filipino beliefs and traditions, one of which are the customary fiestas often held in various villages around the country. On average, 60% of the total budget is spent on food while 40% goes to non-food items. Among the food items, the largest single item is rice consumption, which takes up about 16% of the total household budget. Around 9% is spent on meat, 7% on vegetables and fruits, 7% on fish and 4% on eggs and dairy products (Fuwa, Marciano, & Reano, 2010, p. 3). Filipino foods are also rich in history and innovation. While its roots are mostly influenced by the multitude of ingredients found naturally in the Philippines, it is also inspired by Chinese, Spanish, Arab, Malay and American cuisines (Roa & Roa). The Chinese people, who came to trade, influenced Filipino wives with their cooking such as pansit (noodles), lumpia (vegetables rolled in edible wrappers), siopao (steamed filled buns), and siomai (dumplings). Then when the Spaniards came, they brought influences from not just Spain but also Mexico. They introduced new flavours and ingredients such as cheese, ham, olive oil, saffron, paprika and cured sausages. They introduced paella, which was a dish cooked in fields by Spanish workers combining pork, chicken, seafood, ham, sausages and vegetables, bangus (silvery milkfish), and ensaymada, which are brioche cakes buttered, sugared and sprinkled with cheese (Alejandro & Fernandez, 1998, p. 8). The most noteworthy influence of Americans on Filipino food culture is fast food, the biggest of which is McDonalds. Before discussing the principal ingredients in Philippines food, we first look into a few of the most common dishes of the country. One of the most popular dishes is adobo, which is braised chicken, pork, beef, or fish cooked in soy sauce, vinegar, garlic and other spices (Roa & Roa). Another favourite is sinigang, which is a boiled sour soup made of fish, shrimps, pork, beef or chicken mixed with vegetables and tamarind leaves (Filipino Foods, 2006). Lechon, a whole roast pig that is slowly roasted over live coals and basted regularly with a tasty sauce created from pig’s liver then simmered with vinegar, sugar and herbs, is a dish that will always be seen in big parties, gatherings, and fiestas. Other common dishes are bistek (beef and onion rings braised in soy sauce), lumpia (spring rolls), pansit (noodles) and the infamous dinuguan (pig blood and innards simmered with vinegar and hot peppers) (Alejandro & Fernandez, 1998). Now we dive deeper and look more specifically into the main ingredients of the national cuisine. From the brief discussion of common dishes above, we can clearly see that meats such as chicken, beef and pork are an important part of the cuisine. However, rice is the staple of country’s food identity and is also the main agricultural crop (Tope & Nonan-Mercado, 2002, p. 117). Rice was planted to over 4 billion hectares producing over 14 billion metric tons in 2005. Rice farming was also the main source of income and employment to 12 million farmers and family members in that year (Altoveros & Borromeo, 2007, p. 19). Meals are not complete for Filipinos unless rice is served with it.

Political Ignorance And Its Impact On Politics - 939 Words

â€Å"A popular Government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or, perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors, must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives.† A quote by James Madison, the author of the bills of rights, in a letter he wrote to W.T. Barry. Even James Madison was talking about ignorance in his day. However, that is not altogether surprising considering people were less informed and less educated in his era. Today citizens have arrived at a dangerous place of ignorance, and that political ignorance seems to be growing and flourishing. I will admit, I myself, have been found guilty of this very†¦show more content†¦Political corruption is one major challenge Mr. Smith comes across. There is a saying in the Bible, which says, â€Å"The love of money is the root of all evil.† Sadly, Mr. Smith encounters that evil w hen he realizes that Senator Paine, one of his role models, is under the grip and control of Mr. Taylor’s manipulation, so much so that they lie when a special committee reviews Mr. Smith’s motives for trying to pass the bill to build the boy’s camp. After seeing all of the deceit and darkness Mr. Smith says, Well, I m gettin out of this town so fast, away from all the words and all the monuments and the whole rotten show. Mr. Smith, recognizes and calls out the wicked trickery as a game that is being played. Unfortunately, history is overflowing with examples of corruption such as this, as many politicians have been swayed by the promise of wealth, fortune, and even one might comment, seduction. There is corruption, bribery, and deceit found throughout history. Simply search corruption in politics and articles upon articles pull up referencing scandals and lies committed by those in Senate or any other branch of government. Take President Bill Clinton, for exa mple, and his many lies denying the fact that he had unhealthy relations with another woman besides his wife. Another example would be Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr. who was accused, around 2012, of using money provided by donors to spruce up his home. So, how do these circumstances